When a #Spartan warrior departed for #battle, his mother handed him the #shield and urged him to return with it #victorious, or upon it, fallen with #honor (#Plutarch, Lacaenarum Apophthegmata, 241e). The #shield was essential in the #phalanx, where abandoning it meant breaking formation. To flee was #shameful, but to fall in battle was held as #honorable. #Spartanwomen, like the men, upheld this ethic of severity, discipline & unwavering #honor, placing the common good above the individual.

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